My attitude to Rubtsov’s work. Nikolai Rubtsov: biography, briefly about life and work. The main motives of creativity, lyrics by Rubtsov

Nikolai Rubtsov is a Russian lyric poet. During his short biography, he managed to write many works that are still popular and translated into many languages.

Biography of Rubtsov

Nikolai Mikhailovich Rubtsov was born on January 3, 1936 in the village of Yemetsk, in the Arkhangelsk region. His father, Mikhail Andrianovich, held a leading position in a consumer cooperative.

In 1936, the Rubtsov family moved to the city of Nyandoma, where they lived for about 3 years. The day before (1941-1945) the family left for.

Soon Rubtsov Sr., like millions of his compatriots, went to the front.

Childhood and youth

In 1942, in the biography of 6-year-old Rubtsov, 2 tragedies occurred at once. In the summer, his mother passed away, and after that his sister, who was barely 1 year old, also died.

These events became a real blow for the boy, as a result of which at such a young age he wrote his first poem.

Considering the fact that the mother died and the father was at the front, the Rubtsov children were sent to different boarding schools.

Despite the fact that in the orphanage Nikolai was often malnourished and experienced many other difficulties, he recalled this part of his biography with warmth. He studied diligently at school and had good grades in all subjects.

In 1952, Rubtsov got a job at Tralflot. By this time he was already convinced that his father had been killed in the war. But in reality, everything was completely different.

The father of the future poet, Mikhail Rubtsov, returned from the front and immediately began searching for his children. However, due to the fact that all the archives were lost, he was unable to find a single child.

It is worth noting that later the poet still managed to meet his father. This meeting will take place in 1955, when Nikolai turns 19 years old.

During the biography period 1950-1952. Nikolai Rubtsov studied at the Totemsky Forestry Technical School. After that, he worked as a fireman for about a year. In 1953, the young man entered the Mining and Chemical College, but was never able to graduate due to a failed session.

In 1955, Nikolai Rubtsov was called up to serve in the Northern Fleet, where he served for exactly 4 years.

Creative biography of Rubtsov

The first published poem in Rubtsov’s biography was called “May has come.” This happened in 1957, when he served in the navy.

After demobilization in 1959, the poet went to. There he changed many professions, managing to work as a mechanic, fireman and factory loader.

At this time, Nikolai Rubtsov met the poets Boris Taigin and Gleb Gorbovsky. With their support, he was able to publish his first collection of poems, Waves and Rocks, which was published in 1962.

In the same year, he successfully passed the exams at the capital's Literary Institute. M. Gorky.

During this period of his biography, Nikolai Rubtsov made many friends, including writers.

An interesting fact is that while studying at the institute, the poet was expelled from it, although he was later reinstated. The reason for his expulsion was his alcohol addiction.

Poems by Rubtsov

Over the years, 2 poetry collections have been published from Rubtsov’s pen: “Star of the Fields” and “Lyrics”. And although the young poet did not have such fame as his contemporaries in the person of Akhmadulina, Rozhdestvensky and, he still had fans.

In 1968, Nikolai Rubtsov received an apartment. The following year he graduated from the institute, after which he got a job at the Vologda Komsomolets publication.

About 3 years before his death, Rubtsov published the collections “The Soul Keeps” and “The Noise of Pines.”

After his death, several more books will be published, including:

• Green flowers
• plantains
• Poems

Songs based on poems by Rubtsov

Many famous songs were written based on Nikolai Rubtsov’s poems and performed by famous artists. The most popular compositions were “Blurred Path”, “Autumn Song”, “Leaves Flew Away” and “Bouquet”.

The last song performed by Alexander Barykin still does not lose its popularity and is constantly played on radio stations.

Personal life

While a student at a Moscow institute, Nikolai Rubtsov met Henrietta Menshikova. In 1963, the young people decided to get married, but did not sign. In this actual marriage, they had a girl, Elena.

Soon Nikolai Mikhailovich met the little-known poetess Lyudmila Derbina.

Rubtsov became seriously interested in her, but the girl made it clear that she was not going to develop any relationship with him. Only years later did she realize that she loved him.

Nikolay Rubtsov and Lyudmila Derbina

Ultimately, Lyudmila went to Vologda to see Rubtsov and stayed to live with him. However, their relationship can hardly be called happy.

The poet was addicted to alcohol and often went on binges. Because of this, quarrels and scandals often arose between them. However, in the winter of 1971, the young people decided to officially get married.

Death

Nikolai Mikhailovich Rubtsov died tragically on January 19, 1971 at the age of 35. He didn't live to see his wedding for just a month. Biographers are still arguing about the true cause of Rubtsov’s death.

The body of the dead poet was found in the apartment. His fiancee admitted she was guilty of manslaughter.

An examination showed that death was caused by strangulation. For the crime committed, Lyudmila was sentenced to 8 years.

According to the woman, during one of the quarrels Rubtsov had a heart attack, so she does not see her direct fault in his death.

The poet was buried at the Vologda Poshekhonskoye cemetery.

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Nikolai Mikhailovich Rubtsov (1936-1971) was born in a small village in the Arkhangelsk region, lost his parents in early childhood, was brought up in an orphanage, after graduating from a seven-year school he wandered around the country, served in the navy, worked as a fireman at the Kirov plant in Leningrad, from there from the workers' literary association he entered the Literary Institute, and after graduation he lived in the Russian north, in the Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions, where four collections of his poems were published one after another; the latest and best of these is "Green Flowers".

It is no coincidence that N. Rubtsov is called a “quiet poet”; the turbulent political events of the 50-60s, the ideological and social problems of a tense era did not seem to touch the poet, as if they were not noticed by him; in this respect, Rubtsov is very reminiscent of the early Yesenin, and indeed he began his poetic path with a clear imitation of S. Yesenin. Yesenin's influence continues to be felt in the poems of the Vologda poet.

Reading Rubtsov, it’s as if you again find yourself in a Russian village at the beginning of the century, described by Yesenin, and you are surprised to see that despite the stormy and destructive events of the century, the quiet Russian village, the discreet, but heart-tugging beauty of Russian nature remained the same. The meadows are still blooming, the distant forests are foggy, and the setting sun fills the hut with crimson light through the low window - and still, in the inexpressible love for that native beauty, the poet’s heart dissolves.

The motif of silence, tranquility, stillness of the village world, its immutability and balance runs through all the poetry of N. Rubtsov. In his poems, the reader hardly meets people; we see and hear only the author himself, an infinitely lonely man, thirsty for peace, prone to contemplation, a serene and sad man.

N. Rubtsov's poems are often surprisingly musical, filled with true, deep, multi-valued poetry, melodious and simple with the high simplicity of true art. One after another, poems about the native land, about grass, lakes and stars sound melodiously and simply - and the reader is confronted with the most charming appearance of the poet, a man of a pure and kind soul, gentle, calm and sad.

N. Rubtsov constantly emphasizes his blood, organic connection with his homeland:

With every bump and cloud,

With thunder ready to fall,

I feel the most burning

The most mortal connection.

The poet’s homeland is precisely Russia, and everything Russian is caressed by his loving gaze, and no other reality exists for the poet. His love for his native land sounds tenderness and sadness. There is no glorification of only the Russian, there is no opposition of our native and beloved Russia to other countries, regions and peoples, there are no notes of nationalism and chauvinism. This is especially important to emphasize in the 90s, when some poets declared their love for the Motherland to be their special merit and made the praise of Russia the only content of their poems.

The feeling of love for one’s native land is, in essence, a biological feeling, it is characteristic of many animals and birds, characteristic of almost every person - a poet should not consider love for one’s homeland to be his special merit, or make patriotism the only content of poetry; all the more dangerous are excessive praises that develop into nationalism and chauvinism. History of the 20th century knows what tragedies of genocide these emotions are fraught with.

In 2016, Nikolai Rubtsov could have celebrated his 80th birthday, but the poet lived only to 35. His life, like a comet flash, ended unexpectedly and strangely. But Rubtsov managed to do the main thing - confess his love for Russia. Poetry and the biography of the poet are compared with creative destiny. The same short, tragically cut short life. The same piercing poems full of hidden pain.

Childhood and youth

The poet was born in 1936 in the North. In the village of Yemetsk, near Kholmogory, the first year of Nikolai Rubtsov’s life passed. In 1937, the Rubtsov family moved to the town of Nyandoma, 340 kilometers south of Arkhangelsk, where the head of the family ran a consumer cooperative for three years. But the Rubtsovs did not live long in Nyandoma either - in 1941 they moved to Vologda, where the war found them.

My father went to the front and lost contact with him. In the summer of 1942, his mother passed away, and soon his one-year-old sister Nikolai passed away. The pain of loss resulted in the 6-year-old boy's first poem. In 1964, Nikolai Rubtsov recalled his experience in the poem “My Quiet Homeland”:

“My quiet homeland!
Willows, river, nightingales...
My mother is buried here
In my childhood."

Nikolai Rubtsov and his older brother were sent as orphans to an orphanage in “Nikoly,” as the village of Nikolskoye was popularly called. The poet recalled the years of orphanage life with warmth, despite his half-starved existence. Nikolai studied diligently and graduated from 7 classes at Nikolskoye (the N. M. Rubtsov House Museum was built in the former school). In 1952, the young writer went to work at Tralflot.

Rubtsov's surviving autobiography states that he is an orphan. In fact, the father returned from the front in 1944, but due to the lost archive he did not find the children. Mikhail Rubtsov married for the second time. Looking ahead, 19-year-old Nikolai met his father in 1955. 7 years later, Rubtsov Sr. died of cancer. For two years, starting in 1950, Nikolai was a student at the forestry technical school in Totma.

After graduation, he worked as a fireman for a year, and in 1953 he went to the Murmansk region, where he entered the mining and chemical technical school. In his second year, in the winter of 1955, student Nikolai Rubtsov was expelled due to a failed session. And in October, the 19-year-old poet was called up to serve in the Northern Fleet.

Literature

Nikolai Rubtsov's literary debut took place in 1957: his poem was published by a regional newspaper in the Arctic. Having been demobilized in 1959, the northerner went to the city on the Neva. He made his living by working as a mechanic, fireman and factory loader. I met the poets Gleb Gorbovsky and Boris Taigin. Taigin helped Rubtsov break through to the public by releasing his first poetry collection, “Waves and Rocks,” in the summer of 1962 using samizdat method.

In the same year, Nikolai Rubtsov became a student at the Moscow Literary Institute. His stay at the university was interrupted more than once: due to his rough character and addiction to alcohol, Nikolai was expelled and reinstated. But during these years the collections “Lyrics” and “Star of the Fields” were published. In those years, the cultural life of Moscow was seething: poems, etc. thundered on the stage.

The provincial Rubtsov did not fit into this loudness - he was a “quiet lyricist”, not “burning with a verb.” The almost Yesenin-esque lines of the poem “Visions on the Hill” are characteristic:

“I love your old days, Russia.
Your forests, graveyards and prayers."

The work of Nikolai Rubtsov differed from the works of the fashionable sixties, but the poet did not strive to follow fashion. Unlike Akhmadulina, he did not pack stadiums, but Rubtsov had fans. He was also not afraid to write seditious lines. In the “Autumn Song,” which the bards loved, there is a verse:

"That night I forgot
All good news
All the calls and calls
From the Kremlin Gate.
I fell in love that night
All the prison songs
All forbidden thoughts
All the persecuted people."

The poem was written in 1962, and the authorities did not pat it on the head for this.

In 1969, Nikolai Rubtsov received a diploma and became a staff member of the Vologda Komsomolets newspaper. A year before, the writer was given a one-room apartment in a Khrushchev building. In 1969, the collection “The Soul Keeps” was published, and a year later the last collection of poems, “The Noise of Pines.” The collection “Green Flowers” ​​was ready for publication, but was published after the death of Nikolai Rubtsov. In the 1970s, poetry collections “The Last Steamboat”, “Selected Lyrics”, “Plantains” and “Poems” were published.

Songs based on poems by Rubtsov

The poetic works of Nikolai Rubtsov became songs that were first performed in the 1980s and 90s. He sang the same “Autumn Song”, only without the seditious verse. The music for it was written by composer Alexey Karelin. At the “Song-81” competition, Gintare Jautakaite sang “It’s Light in My Upper Room” (composer). The following year, the poem “Star of the Fields” was set to music. Performed the composition (album “Star of the Fields”).

The popular Leningrad group “Forum” also introduced into its repertoire a song based on the poet’s poems “The Leaves Flew Away.” The composition of the same name was included in the album “White Night”, released in the mid-1980s. He sang the verse “Bouquet”: the melody and words “I will ride the bike for a long time” are known to more than one generation of Soviet people. In the late 1980s, the song was played at all concerts.

The lines of the poem “Bouquet” were written by Nikolai Rubtsov during his years of service in the Northern Fleet. In the 1950s, in the village of Priyutino near Leningrad, where Rubtsov’s brother Albert lived, Nikolai met a girl, Taya Smirnova. In 1958, the poet came on leave, but the meeting with Taya turned out to be farewell: the girl met someone else. In memory of youthful love, there was a poem written by Rubtsov in 15 minutes.

In the 2000s, they returned to the poetry of Nikolai Rubtsov: they sang the song “The cloudberry will bloom and ripen in the swamp,” and the group “Kalevala” introduced a composition based on the poem “They Came Up” into their repertoire.

Personal life

The year 1962 was eventful for the poet. Nikolai Rubtsov entered the literary institute and met Henrietta Menshikova, the woman who bore him a daughter. Menshikova lived in Nikolskoye, where she ran a club. Nikolai Rubtsov came to Nikola to see his classmates, relax and write poetry. At the beginning of 1963, the couple got married, but without formalizing the relationship. In the spring of the same year, Lenochka was born. The poet visited Nikolskoye on visits - he studied in Moscow.

In 1963, in the institute dormitory, Rubtsov met the aspiring poetess Lyudmila Derbina. The fleeting acquaintance then led to nothing: Nikolai did not make an impression on Lyusya. The girl remembered him in 1967, when she came across a fresh collection of the poet’s poems. Lyudmila fell in love with the poetry of Nikolai Rubtsov and realized that her place was next to him.

The woman already had a failed marriage and a daughter, Inga, behind her. In the summer, Lyudmila came to Vologda and stayed with Nikolai, for whom the poetess Lyusya Derbina became a fatal love. Their relationship could not be called equal: Rubtsov had an addiction to alcohol. In a state of intoxication, Nikolai was reborn, but the binges were replaced by days of repentance. The couple quarreled and broke up, then made up again. At the beginning of January 1971, the lovers came to the registry office. The wedding day was set for February 19.

Death

The poet did not live exactly a month before the wedding. His lines “I will die in the Epiphany frosts” turned out to be a prophecy. The events of that terrible night are still debated today. Nikolai Rubtsov was found dead on the floor of the apartment. Lyudmila Derbina admitted to manslaughter.

Pathologists agreed that the cause of death was strangulation. The woman was sentenced to 8 years, released under an amnesty after 6. In an interview with journalists, she said that during a quarrel that Epiphany night, Rubtsov, who had been drinking, had a heart attack. Lyudmila never admitted guilt. Nikolai Rubtsov was buried, as he wished, at the Poshekhonskoye cemetery in Vologda.

Bibliography

• 1962 – “Waves and Rocks”
• 1965 – “Lyrics”. Arkhangelsk
• 1967 – “Star of the Fields”
• 1969 – “The soul keeps.” Arkhangelsk
• 1970 – “The Noise of Pines”
• 1977 – “Poems. 1953-1971"
• 1971 – “Green Flowers”
• 1973 – “The Last Steamer”
• 1974 – “Selected Lyrics”
• 1975 – “Plantains”
• 1977 – “Poems”

Born on January 3, 1936 in the village of Yemetsk, Arkhangelsk region. In 1940, he moved with his family to Vologda, where the Rubtsovs were caught in the war. According to some sources, Nikolai’s father, Mikhail Adrianovich Rubtsov (1900-1963), went to the front and died in 1941; according to other sources, he abandoned his family and lived separately in Vologda after the war. In 1942, his mother died, and Nikolai was sent to the Nikolsky orphanage in the Totemsky district of the Vologda region, where he graduated from seven classes of school. Here his daughter Elena was born in a civil marriage with Menshikova Henrietta Mikhailovna.

From 1950 to 1952, the future poet studied at the Totemsky Forestry College. Then, from 1952 to 1953, he worked as a fireman in the Arkhangelsk trawl fleet of the Sevryba trust; from 1953 to 1955, he studied at the Mining and Chemical College of the Ministry of Chemical Industry in Kirovsk (Murmansk Region). Since March 1955 Rubtsov was a laborer at an experimental military training ground.

From October 1955 to 1959, he served in the army in the Northern Fleet (with the rank of sailor and senior sailor). After demobilization, he lived in Leningrad, working alternately as a mechanic, fireman and charger at the Kirov plant.

Rubtsov begins studying at the literary association “Narvskaya Zastava”, meets young Leningrad poets Gleb Gorbovsky, Konstantin Kuzminsky, Eduard Shneiderman. In July 1962, with the help of Boris Taigin, he published his first typewritten collection, “Waves and Rocks.”

In August 1962, Rubtsov entered the Literary Institute. M. Gorky in Moscow and met Vladimir Sokolov, Stanislav Kunyaev, Vadim Kozhinov and other writers, whose friendly participation more than once helped him both in his creativity and in the matter of publishing poetry. Problems soon arose with his stay at the institute, but the poet continued to write, and in the mid-1960s his first collections were published.

In 1969, Rubtsov graduated from the Literary Institute and received the first separate one-room apartment in his life.

While intoxicated, he died on January 19, 1971 (on the day of Epiphany) in Vologda on Yashina Street at number 3, as a result of a family quarrel with the aspiring poetess Lyudmila Derbina (Granovskaya), whom he was going to marry (on January 5 they submitted documents to the registry office ). The judicial investigation established that death was caused by strangulation. Lyudmila Derbina was sentenced to 7 years. Biographers mention Rubtsov’s poem as a prediction of the date of his own tragic death.

In her subsequent memoirs and interviews about this tragic incident, Lyudmila Derbina expressed the hypothesis that death Nikolai Rubtsov could have occurred as a result of a heart attack. It is quite possible that a very strong emotional experience and alcohol intoxication could contribute to this.

He was buried in Vologda at the Poshekhonskoye cemetery.

The Vologda “small homeland” and the Russian North gave him the main theme of his future work - “ancient Russian identity”, which became the center of his life, “a land ... sacred”, where he felt “both alive and mortal.”

His first collection was released in 1962. It was called "Waves and Rocks." The second book of poems, “Lyrics,” was published in 1965 in Arkhangelsk. Then the poetry collections “Star of the Fields” (1967), “The Soul Keeps” (1969), and “The Noise of Pines” (1970) were published. “Green Flowers”, which were being prepared for publication, appeared after the poet’s death.

Rubtsov's poetry, extremely simple in its style and themes, associated primarily with his native Vologda region, has creative authenticity, internal scale, and a finely developed figurative structure.

Particularly famous are the songs based on his poems, “I will ride a bicycle for a long time”, “In moments of sad music”, .

Nikolai Rubtsov himself wrote about his poetry:

I won't rewrite
From the book of Tyutchev and Fet,
I'll even stop listening
The same Tyutchev and Fet.
And I won't make it up
Myself special, Rubtsova,
I'll stop believing for this
In the same Rubtsov,
But I'm at Tyutchev and Fet's
I'll check your sincere word,
So that the book of Tyutchev and Fet
Continue with Rubtsov’s book!..

Our literature knows many great writers who brought immortal values ​​to Russian culture. The biography and work of Nikolai Rubtsov are important in the history of Russia. Let's talk in more detail about his contribution to literature.

The childhood of Nikolai Rubtsov

The poet was born in 1936, January 3. This happened in the village of Yemets, which is located in the Arkhangelsk region. His father was Mikhail Andreyanovich Rubtsov, who served as a political worker. In 1940, the family moved to Vologda. Here they met the war.

The biography of Nikolai Rubtsov includes many sorrows that befell the poet. Little Kolya was orphaned early. My father went to war and never returned. Many believed that he was dead. In fact, he decided to leave his wife and moved to a separate house in the same city. After the death of his mother in 1942, Nikolai was sent to Nikolsky. Here he studied at school until the seventh grade.

The poet's youth

The biography and work of Nikolai Rubtsov are closely intertwined with his hometown of Vologda.

Here he met his first love - Henrietta Menshikova. They had a daughter, Lena, but their life together did not work out.

The young poet entered the Forestry Technical School of the city of Totma. However, he studied there for only two years. Afterwards he tried himself as a fireman on the trawl fleet in Arkhangelsk. Then he was a laborer at the Leningrad training ground.

In 1955-1959, Nikolai Rubtsov served in the army as a senior sailor. After being demobilized, he remained to live in Leningrad. He is accepted to the Kirov plant, where he again changes several professions: from mechanic and fireman to charger. Fascinated by poetry, Nikolai entered the Moscow Gorky University in 1962. Here he meets Kunyaev, Sokolov and other young writers who become his friends. They help him publish his first works.

Rubtsov faces difficulties at the institute. He even thinks about quitting his studies, but his like-minded people support the poet, and already in the 60s he published the first collections of his poems. The biography and creativity of Nikolai Rubtsov during his institute life clearly conveys to the reader his experiences and spiritual mood.

Nikolai graduated from college in 1969 and moved into a one-room apartment, his first separate home. Here he continues to write his works.

Published works

Since the 1960s, Rubtsov's works have been published at quite an enviable speed. In 1965, a collection of poems, Lyrics, was published. Following it in 1969, “Star of the Fields” was published.

With a break of one year (in 1969 and 1970), the collections “The Soul Keeps” and “Pines Noise” were published.

In 1973, after the poet’s death, “The Last Steamship” was published in Moscow. From 1974 to 1977, three more publications were published: “Selected Lyrics”, “Plantains” and “Poems”.

Songs based on poems by Nikolai Rubtsov gained great popularity. Every resident of our country is familiar with “I will ride my bicycle for a long time,” “It’s light in my upper room,” and “In moments of sad music.”

Creative life

Nikolai Rubtsov's poems echo his childhood. Reading them, we plunge into the calm world of Vologda life. He writes about home comfort, love and devotion. Many works are dedicated to the wonderful time of year - autumn.

In general, the poet’s work is filled with truthfulness and authenticity.

Despite the simplicity of the language, his poems have scale and power. Rubtsov's syllable is rhythmic and has a complex, fine structure. In his works one can feel the love for the Motherland and unity with nature.

The biography and work of Nikolai Rubtsov ends suddenly and absurdly. He dies on January 19, 1971 during a family quarrel at the hands of his fiancee Lyudmila Derbina. The investigation established that the poet died from strangulation. Derbina was sentenced to seven years in prison.

Many biographers express the opinion that Nikolai Rubtsov predicted his death, writing about it in the poem “I will die in the Epiphany frosts.”

A street in Vologda is named after the writer. Monuments have been erected to him in several cities of Russia. Rubtsov's poems continue to enjoy great love among readers of different ages. His works remain relevant in our time, because people always need love and peace.