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Mainland Eurasia short description for children. Geographic location of Eurasia Eurasia map of the mainland

TOPIC 2. EURASIA

LESSON 44

Target:

· familiarize with general information about the mainland to form knowledge about the features of the geographical location and coastline of Eurasia; improve practical skills and abilities to characterize the geographical position of the mainland;

develop the ability to implement methods of rational learning activities: draw up a purposeful description of the object according to a standard plan;

To cultivate cognitive activity, interest in the study of the topic, independence.

Equipment: physical map of Eurasia, textbooks, atlases, templates, computer, multimedia projector, multimedia presentation.

Lesson type: assimilation of new knowledge.

Expected results: students will be able to characterize the features of the geographical location of Eurasia according to a standard plan; find and show objects of geographical nomenclature on the map; make assumptions about the features of the characteristics of the nature of the mainland.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. ORGANIZATIONAL MOMENT

II. UPDATING OF BASIC KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

Reception "Blitsoprosk"

Name and show the continents on the map.

· Pick up epithets with the prefix "super-" for each of the continents.

What do you know about the Eurasian continent?

· Why do you think Eurasia, the continent on which we live, is studied last in the course “Geography of Continents and Oceans”?

III. MOTIVATION OF LEARNING AND COGNITIVE ACTIVITIES

Reception "Problem question"

Eurasia is a giant continent. It doesn't even fit in the Eastern and Northern hemispheres!

Let's do some calculations. The entire land area is 149 million km2, and the area of Eurasia, together with the islands, is 54.6 million km2. The share of the area of Eurasia in the total land area of the planet is more than 1/3 of the entire land surface on Earth. How, in your opinion, does such a size of the continent affect its nature?

(Student answers.)

Indeed, the vast size of the territory determines the extremely large diversity of the nature of our continent. While studying the features of the nature of Eurasia, you will see some similar signs with both North America and Africa, but you will find many differences. The knowledge, skills and abilities acquired earlier will help you find out the complexity of the natural patterns of our continent, how natural features affect life and economic activity its population. We start, as always, with a description of the geographical position of the mainland.

IV. STUDY NEW MATERIAL

1. Establishing the features of the geographical location

Working with a physical map of Eurasia, a plan, a multimedia presentation. During the compilation of the characteristics of the student, the geographical nomenclature is indicated on the templates of the mainland in notebooks.

Eurasia is not only the largest continent of the Earth, but also the only continent consisting of two parts of the world. The conditional border between Europe and Asia runs along the eastern slope Ural mountains and from the Arctic Ocean to the south, further along the Ural River (or Emba), the northern coast of the Caspian Sea and the Kumo-Manitskaya depression, then the Azov coast, the Black Sea and the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits. The area of Europe is much smaller than the area of Asia, it can be compared approximately as 1:4.

Performance plan	Components of geographic location
	54.6 million km2 (place in the world)
Location relative to the equator, prime meridian, tropics, hemispheres	Eurasia lies entirely in the Northern Hemisphere, a number of islands in the southeast of Eurasia are located in the Southern Hemisphere. Most of the mainland is located in the Eastern Hemisphere, the extreme peninsulas in the west and east are in the Western Hemisphere. Eurasia is crossed by the Arctic Circle and the Northern Tropic, most of the mainland is located in temperate latitudes. The result of a significant length of the mainland from north to south is the location in all geographical zones of the Northern Hemisphere
extreme points	Northern - Cape Chelyuskin (78° north latitude; 104° latitude); southern - Cape Piai (1° b. latitude; 104° lat.); the western one is Cape Roca (39° mon. latitude; 9° west longitude); eastern - Cape Dezhnev (66° north latitude; 170° west longitude)
The length of the mainland in degrees and kilometers from north to south, from west to east	1) along the 100° meridian d.: 76° - 7° = 69° 69 ∙ 111= 7659 km; 2) behind the parallel 40° Mon. sh. (1° ≈ 85.4 km) 9° + 128° = 137° 137 ∙ 85.4 ≈ 11.700 km
Oceans and seas washing the mainland, features of the coastline	The shores of Eurasia are washed by all four oceans - the Atlantic, the Arctic, the Pacific and the Indian. The most indented coastline has West Side mainland, as well as the east and southeast with arched chains of islands separated by seas from the mainland
The nearest continents and ways of communication with them	Closer to Eurasia are Africa and North America. Europe and Africa are separated by the Strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Sea. Asia and Africa are separated by the Red Sea, the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, the Gulf of Aden and the Suez Canal, laid through the Isthmus of Suez. Eurasia and North America are separated by a narrow Bering Strait

Conclusion 1. Eurasia is the largest continent of the Earth, which occupies more than a third of the land and consists of two parts of the world - Europe and Asia. Eurasia is located mainly in the Eastern and Northern hemispheres, washed by the waters of four oceans, has a dissected coastline.

V. CONSOLIDATION OF THE STUDYED MATERIAL Work in pairs

Reception "Geographical workshop"

Tasks. Compare the geographic location of Eurasia and North America. Record the results in a table.

Conclusion 2. There are certain signs of similarity in the placement of North America and Eurasia. However, Eurasia is much larger in area and extent; it is the only continent that is washed by the waters of four oceans. An analysis of the features of the geographical location of Eurasia and its comparison with North America allows us to confirm the assumptions made at the beginning of the lesson about the extremely diverse natural conditions mainland.

VI. SUMMARY OF THE LESSON, REFLECTION D Reception "Microphone"

What knowledge and skills did you need to complete the tasks of the lesson?

VII. HOMEWORK

1. Work out the corresponding paragraph of the textbook.

2. Practical work 10. Mark on contour map: a) geographical objects that determine the features of the geographical position of Eurasia; b) a conditional border between Europe and Asia.

3. Leading (for individual students): using additional sources of geographical knowledge, prepare a report on the study of the territory of Eurasia (Yes. Dezhnov, M. Przhevalsky, P. Semenov-Tian-Shansky).

Eurasia is the largest continent on Earth, consisting of two parts of the world: Europe and Asia - it occupies 1/3 of all land on the planet, and is washed by the waters of the oceans from all sides. Due to its impressive area, the Eurasian continent has the most significant natural objects and a high population. Let us briefly consider this topic according to the description plan.

Relief features

Eurasia is the largest continent on our planet, occupying almost 54 million square meters. km. Its length from east to west is 18 thousand km, and from north to south - about 8 thousand km. The area of only one island belonging to the mainland is 3.5 million square meters. km. The area of Eurasia is so large that it contains 17 time zones.

The relief of Eurasia is very diverse: the world's largest flat platforms and mountain systems are located on the mainland. In addition, it is the highest continent on the globe, and its average height above sea level is about 830 m.

Here are the highest mountains in the world - the Himalayas, and the mountain systems of Tibet, the Pamirs, the Himalayas, the Tien Shan form the largest mountain region on the planet. On the islands of Southeast and East Asia, in Kamchatka, in the Mediterranean and Iceland there are active volcanoes, and these regions are characterized by high seismic activity.

Rice. 1. Himalayas.

The highest mountain on the planet is Everest or Chomolungma, whose height is 8848 m. It is located in the Himalayas and is famous among climbers for its harsh temper. Even for experienced climbers, climbing the peak of Everest takes about two months. Steep slopes and strong winds (up to 200 km/h) at the top of the mountain become a real test of strength.

The relief of the northern regions and some mountainous regions many years ago was under the influence of ancient glaciation. Currently, glaciers in Eurasia are located on the islands of the Arctic, in the highlands and Iceland.

Climate and natural areas

The climate of Eurasia is most closely related to its large size and extent from north to south.

Table “Eurasia: natural areas”

*natural area*	*Climate type*	*Geographic location*
Arctic deserts	Arctic	Islands of the Arctic Ocean
Tundra and forest tundra	Subarctic	Northern parts of Europe, part of Iceland
	temperate continental	Most of Russia, Scandinavian Peninsula, western Japan
mixed forests	Moderate	European part of Russia, Baltic countries
broadleaf forests	temperate maritime	East Pacific coast, European countries
Hardwood evergreen forests		Southern regions of European countries
Forest-steppes and steppes	Moderate	Kazakhstan, Black Sea region, northeast Mongolia
Deserts and semi-deserts	temperate, subtropical, tropical	China, Arabian Peninsula
Savannahs and woodlands	subequatorial	India, southeast Eurasia
Variable rainforests	monsoonal	Coast of the southeastern region of the mainland
Permanently humid equatorial forests	humid tropical	Indian Ocean islands

A large number of natural zones of the mainland led to a great diversity of its flora and fauna. However, high population density and thoughtless human activity have led to the fact that many representatives of wild flora and fauna are under the threat of extinction.

Population of Eurasia

The continent of Eurasia is not only the largest on the planet, but also the most densely populated. About 5 billion people live on its territory, which is 3/4 of the population of the entire Earth.

The population density on the mainland is unevenly distributed, and this is caused by several factors:

natural;
climatic;
geopolitical.

The largest number of people live in economically developed countries with a high standard of living. An important role in the distribution of the population is played by belonging to a particular religion, established customs. For example, the standard of living in India is much lower than in Europe or China, but this country ranks second in the world in terms of population.

Rice. 3. Residents of China.

In all regions of the mainland, the urban ratio of urban and rural population not in favor of the latter. This is due to the fact that in large cities it is much easier to find a job with an acceptable salary, and living conditions are more comfortable.

Representatives of three major races live in Eurasia, which have the following characteristic features:

European race: fair skin, hair and eyes, in the inhabitants southern countries the skin tone is darker, the eyes and hair are also dark;
Mongoloid race: narrow slanting eyes, yellowish swarthy skin, a slightly flattened broad face, dark eyes and hair;
negroid race: the skin is very dark in color, the hair is dark, curly, wide flattened noses and full lips.

A large number of peoples and nationalities live on the territory of Eurasia, which were able to form a unique, original culture.

What have we learned?

When studying the topic "Eurasia" in the 7th grade geography program, we learned that Eurasia is the largest continent on the planet, with a diverse topography, natural areas rich in flora and fauna. We found out where the border between Asia and Europe is, what is the population density of the mainland and what factors it depends on. This information will be very useful for children in grades 5-7.

Topic quiz

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Average rating: 4.6. Total ratings received: 757.

As part of the school curriculum, students study the continents. The most interesting is Eurasia. Why is that? First of all, it is the largest continent on Earth. Considering its size, it is not surprising that this territory has areas with different topography and climate. It is also worth paying attention to the geological structure of the area.

This article will consider the features of the relief of Eurasia. So let's get started.

Mainland Eurasia: a brief description

Eurasia, as already mentioned, is the largest continent on the planet. Its area is measured on a huge scale, which makes up almost 40% of the entire land mass. If we express this in numbers, then the size of this territory amounted to almost 55 million square meters. km. There are about 100 states on this continent. Its position on the map can be found by the following coordinates: between 1°16"N and 77°43"N. sh.; 9°31"W and 169°42"W d.

It is worth noting that the mainland is unique not only for its size. Eurasia is the only continent on the planet that is washed by all four oceans of the globe. Also interesting is the fact that two parts of the world - Europe and Asia - unite on its territory. And since they lie in different geographical zones, the relief and climate of Eurasia along its entire length varies greatly.

Highlights of formation

I would like to highlight the fact that Eurasia is significantly different in terms of geological structure from other continents. It is based on several plates and platforms. The time interval of formation falls on the Cenozoic and mesozoic era. Geologically, the mainland is considered the youngest.

Structure of Eurasia:

North: Siberian, East European platforms and West Siberian plate.
East: South China, Sino-Korean platforms and plates of Alpine folding.
West: plates of Paleozoic platforms and
South: Arabian, Indian platforms and Iranian plate.

Also on the territory of the mainland there are large cracks and faults, which prevail to a greater extent in the Siberian region (for example, Tibet, Lake Baikal). Volcanoes can erupt and earthquakes occur, as evidenced by the features of the relief of Eurasia. Due to the unusual nature, these territories contain the richest deposits of minerals, such as tin, tungsten, natural gas, oil, various ores and others.

Variety of mountainous terrain

Peculiarities mountainous relief lie in the fact that, unlike other continents, where the uplands are mainly located on the outskirts, here they are located in the very depths, separated by two folded belts: the Pacific and the Albian-Himalayan. The first of them stretches almost along the entire eastern part. Here, an increased movement of the earth's crust is still noticed.

When compiling a description of the relief of Eurasia, it is worth noting that the average heights vary within 830 m. It is here that the highest point on the planet - Everest (8,848 m) is located. No less significant are other mountain formations:

The Himalayas are a mountain system located on the border of South and Central Asia. It is considered the highest array. It occupies an area of about 1.1 million square meters. km. It has a length of more than 2.3 thousand km, and a width of almost 1.4 thousand km.
Hindu Kush is a mountain system of Central Asia. It occupies an area of about 155 thousand square meters. km. The width and length of the massif almost reach 600 km.
Tien Shan is a mountain system located on the territory of five states of Central Asia. Consists of numerous ridges. The most high mountain- Peak Pobeda (7439 m).
The Altai Mountains are one of the most complex systems that represent the relief of Eurasia. Located in four states total area is about 740 thousand square meters. km. The length of the mountain range is more than 1.8 thousand km, and the width is slightly more than 1.2 thousand km.
The Alps are a mountain range that does not go beyond the borders of Europe, with a total area of 190 thousand square meters. km. The highest peak is Mont Blanc (4810 m).
consist of the Greater and Lesser Caucasus. Geographically located between the Caspian and the Black Sea.
The Ural Mountains are an array that runs between two plains: West Siberian and East European. Its length was 2 thousand km, and its width varies from 40 to 150 km.
The Deccan Plateau is located in (Hindostan Peninsula). It occupies a fairly large area - about 1 million square meters. km.
The Central Siberian Plateau is located in Eastern Siberia. The maximum height is 1701 m (Kamen peak). Almost the entire territory is dominated by a sharply continental climate.

Plain relief of Eurasia

In addition to mountain peaks, there are also plains on the mainland. Let's take a look at them.

The East European Plain is located in the eastern part of Europe. There are 10 states on its territory. Most of it belongs to Russia. The borders are the coasts of the Baltic, White, Caspian, Black, Azov and Barents Seas, as well as the Ural Mountains. In terms of area, the plain occupies an area of more than 4 million square meters. km. The average height is 170 m.
The West Siberian Plain is located on the Central Siberian Plateau to the Ural Mountains. It is on this territory that the major rivers of Russia flow: the Ob, Irtysh, Yenisei. The area of this area is 2.6 million square meters. km. The climatic conditions here are quite severe.
occupies the territory of Central Asia. In the north it borders on the Turgai Plateau, in the south - on the foothills of Paropamiz. The climate in this region is sharply continental, and in the south - subtropical.
The Great Plain of China is located in East Asia. This region is considered one of the largest. Its area is more than 320 thousand square meters. km. The climate in this area is moderate monsoon, in the south - subtropical.

Climate features

The relief of Eurasia directly affects the formation of climate. Considering that the size of the mainland is quite large, the diversity of the climate is pronounced here. Almost all climatic zones pass through the territory of Eurasia.

In the north, polar and subpolar are distinguished. To the south, they are replaced by the temperate zone, which, in turn, passes into the subtropical. The tropical belt extends from the Mediterranean and Red Seas all the way to India. Subequatorial dominates the territory of India and Indochina, capturing the southern part of China. And the last climatic zone is equatorial. It covers the territory of the islands of Southeast Asia.

In the center of the mainland, there is a sharp change in climate at different times of the year. It is cold in winter and warm in summer. The difference between the upper and lower temperature limits is 50-70 °C.

When studying the climate, it is important to take into account the relief of Eurasia. Mountain formations act as clear boundaries of weather conditions. For example, in the direction from north to south, the territory is entirely occupied by the huge Alpine-Himalayan mountain belt. In winter, the ridges do not let cold winds through, and in summer - warm ones. North of the Himalayas minimal amount precipitation - up to 100 mm per year, but at the foot of the east, this figure reaches a record 1,000 mm. Near the city of Cherrapunji is the wettest point on the planet. The amount of precipitation here reaches about 12,000 mm per year.

Winter in areas that are restricted mountain ranges, warm. The temperature here rarely drops below -5 °C. But the flat terrain from November to March-April is under the influence of cold cyclones. This season is characterized by precipitation in the form of snow, accompanied by low temperatures, sometimes reaching minus 45-50 °C.

Eurasia is the largest continent in the world. It occupies 1/3 of the entire land mass of the planet. Huge size and complex structure the earth's crust create a unique variety of natural conditions.

In Eurasia there is the highest mountain of the Earth - Chomolungma (Everest), the largest mountain system in terms of area - Tibet, the largest peninsula - Arabian, the largest geographical area - Siberia, the lowest point of land - the Dead Sea depression.

Geographical position Eurasia

Using the map, let's determine the geographical position of Eurasia according to the plan:

Rice. 1. Geographical position of Eurasia

In which hemispheres is the continent located?

a) Relative to the equator, the mainland lies almost entirely in the Northern Hemisphere. The exception is the southern islands of the mainland.

b) Regarding the zero meridian - almost the entire continent is located in the Eastern Hemisphere, only the extreme west of Eurasia enters the Western Hemisphere.

What oceans surround the mainland?

From the north - the Arctic Ocean,

from the south - Indian, from the west - Atlantic,

from the east - the Pacific Ocean.

Location relative to other continents

Eurasia borders on many continents that have a certain influence on it. Direct connection with Africa through the Suez Canal and with North America through the Bering Strait was the reason for the similarity of the organic world of these continents.

Rice. 2. Extreme points of the mainland

Eurasia - two parts of the world

Eurasia is formed by two parts of the world - Europe and Asia.

It is customary to draw a conditional border between them along the eastern foot of the Ural Mountains, along the Emba River, the northern coast of the Caspian Sea and the Kumo-Manych depression. The maritime border runs along the Azov and Black Seas, as well as the straits connecting the Black and Mediterranean Seas - this is the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles.

(Find all objects on the physical map of the mainland.)

Coastline outlines

Eurasia is distinguished by a strong indentation of the coastline, especially in the west of the mainland.

The physical map of the mainland shows that the Atlantic Ocean goes deep into the land, isolating the Scandinavian Peninsula. In the south of the mainland, they stand out for their size Arabian Peninsula and Hindustan. They are washed by the Indian Ocean. There are few islands off the southern coast of Eurasia, the largest is Sri Lanka. The coastline of the mainland is also noticeably indented in the east, it is washed by the Pacific Ocean. The marginal seas are separated from the Pacific Ocean by a chain of peninsulas (the largest is Kamchatka) and islands, the largest - Big Sunda. The Arctic Ocean, washing the mainland from the north, does not go deep into the land. The largest peninsulas Kola, Taimyr, Chukotka.

Rice. 3. Physical map of Eurasia

Bibliography

MainI:

Geography. Earth and people. Grade 7: textbook for general education. uch. / A.P. Kuznetsov, L.E. Savelyeva, V.P. Dronov. Series "Spheres". – M.: Enlightenment, 2011. Geography. Earth and people. Grade 7: atlas. Series "Spheres". – M.: Enlightenment, 2011.

Additional:

1. Maksimov N.A. Behind the pages of a geography textbook. – M.: Enlightenment.

1. Russian Geographical Society ().

2. Russian education ().

3. Journal "Geography" ().

4. Geographical directory ().

Eurasia is the largest continent on the planet, occupying 1/3 of the entire land mass. This is the only continent on Earth, which is washed on all sides by the waters of the oceans; its coastline is heavily indented, and a large number of tiny and very large peninsulas protrude into the ocean. In the center of our article are the features of the geographical position of Eurasia.

General information

The size of Eurasia cannot fail to impress: the total area of the continent is 54 million square meters. km, and the islands belonging to it occupy an area of 3.45 million square meters. km.

Eurasia is a very large continent, occupying almost the entire Northern Hemisphere. It also covers a small part of the Southern Hemisphere with its adjacent islands. The length of Eurasia from west to east is 18 thousand km, and from north to east - 8 thousand km.

Due to its impressive size and great length, Eurasia has all the climatic zones and natural zones that successively replace each other. Thanks to this, the nature of the mainland is remarkably diverse: there are lands bound by eternal ice, dense taiga forests, endless steppes, hot deserts and humid equatorial jungles.

Rice. 1. Nature of Eurasia.

Historically, the giant continent is usually divided into two parts of the world: Asia and Europe. Despite the fact that there is no contrasting difference between them, they are separated by a conditional border that runs along the ridges of the Ural Mountains, the Black Sea and Caspian coasts, through the Bosphorus and Gibraltar straits.

Eurasia is unevenly divided into parts of the world: Europe occupies only 20% of the mainland's land surface.

Eurasia and the World Ocean

Eurasia is the only one of the six continents of the globe, which is washed on all sides by ocean waters.

The northern coast of the mainland borders the Arctic Ocean.
The southern shores are washed by the warm waters of the Indian Ocean.
East belongs to the Pacific Ocean.
The west coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean.

Rice. 2. Arctic Ocean.

Eurasia has a connection with Africa through the Suez Canal, and the mainland connects with North America thanks to the small Bering Strait.

The western region of Eurasia is characterized by a pronounced indentation of the coastline. In Europe, the maximum distance from the sea coast is approximately 600 km. The interior regions of Asia, due to their large size, are distant from the seas at a much greater distance - up to 1500 km. No other region on any continent is located so far from the sea coast.

Extreme points of the mainland

The exploration of the continent by brave travelers and researchers made it possible to find out the exact geographical position of Eurasia, create accurate maps and come to the realization that open vast territories represent a single continent of immense size.

Due to its relatively small size and high population density, Europe was quickly developed. The situation was different with Asia, which for many years remained a mystery to European researchers. Later, the rest of the regions were mastered by the North of Eurasia, which for a long time frightened off travelers with its harsh climate.

The extreme points of the Eurasian continent include:

North - Cape Chelyuskin (77°43′ N), located on the Taimyr Peninsula.
South - Cape Piai (1°16′ N) in Malaysia.
West - Cape Roca (9°31′ W), located in Portugal.
East - Cape Dezhnev (169°42′ W) on the Chukotka Peninsula.

Rice. 3. Cape Piai.

What have we learned?

When studying the topic "Geographical position of Eurasia" in the 7th grade geography program, we found out in which hemisphere the world's largest continent is located, what are its dimensions and the exact coordinates of the extreme points. We found out what are the characteristic features of the continent, and how it differs from other continents of the Earth.

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Average rating: 3.9. Total ratings received: 252.